Utywala sesinye sezona zinyibilikisi zixhaphakileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.Yikhompawundi ephilayo eneqela elinye elisebenzayo le-hydroxyl (- OH) elidityaniswe ne-athomu yekhabhoni ehluthisiweyo.Emva koko, ngokwenani lee-athomu zekhabhoni ezixhunywe kwii-athomu zekhabhoni kunye namaqela asebenzayo e-hydroxyl, zihlulwe zibe yiprayimari, isibini kunye nephezulu.Zintathu iindidi zezinyibilikisi zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.Umzekelo;I-Methanol (i-alcohol yokuqala), i-ethanol (i-alcohol yokuqala) kunye ne-isopropanol (i-alcohol yesibili).
IMethanol
I-Methanol, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-methanol ngamanye amagama, yikhemikhali ene-chemical formula CH3OH.Lulwelo olukhanyayo, oluguquguqukayo, olungenambala, olunokutsha olunevumba elikhethekileyo lotywala elifana ne-ethanol.I-Methanol isoloko isetyenziswa njenge-solvent, i-antifreeze, i-formaldehyde kunye ne-fuel additive kwi-laboratory.Ukongeza, ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwayo, ikwasetyenziswa njengepeyinti encinci.Nangona kunjalo, i-methanol yi-carcinogenic kunye ne-alcohol eyityhefu.Ukuba urholile okanye uginyiwe, oko kuya kubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo kunye nokufa.
I-Ethanol
I-Ethanol, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ethanol okanye i-alcohol alcohol, i-compound, utywala obulula kunye ne-chemical formula C2H5OH.Lulwelo oluguquguqukayo, olunokutsha, olungenambala nevumba elincinane, elidla ngokuba kwisiselo esinxilisayo, njengewayini okanye ibhiya.I-Ethanol inokutyiwa ngokukhuselekileyo, kodwa nceda uthintele ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba likhoboka layo.I-Ethanol ikwasetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi sendalo, icandelo elibalulekileyo ledayi kunye neemveliso ze-pigment, izithambiso kunye neziyobisi zokwenziwa.
Isopropyl utywala
I-Isopropanol, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-isopropanol okanye i-2-propanol okanye i-alcohol yangaphandle, kunye nefomyula yemichiza ye-C3H8O okanye i-C3H7OH, i-compound engenambala, evuthayo kunye nevumba elinamandla, elisetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-solvent kwi-preservatives, i-disinfectants kunye ne-detergents.Olu hlobo lotywala lukwasetyenziswa njengeyona nxalenye yotywala bangaphandle kunye nezicoci zezandla.Iyaguquguquka kwaye iyakushiya imvakalelo epholileyo xa isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwisikhumba esingenanto.Nangona kukhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwesikhumba, i-isopropanol, ngokungafani ne-ethanol, ayikhuselekanga kuba inetyhefu kwaye inokubangela umonakalo womzimba xa ifakwe okanye iginywe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-19-2022